Fiscal transparency – the comprehensiveness, clarity, reliability, and timeliness of public reporting on the state of public finances – is critical for effective fiscal management and accountability. It helps ensure that governments have an accurate picture of their finances when making economic decisions, including of the costs and benefits of policy changes and potential risks to public finances. It also provides legislatures, markets, and citizens with the information they need to hold governments accountable. Greater fiscal transparency can also help strengthen the credibility of a country’s fiscal plans and can help underpin market confidence and market perceptions of fiscal solvency.
The Fiscal Transparency Code takes account of different levels of country capacity by differentiating between basic, good, and advanced practices for four fiscal transparency pillars:
1. Fiscal reporting should offer relevant, comprehensive, timely, and reliable information on the government’s financial position and performance.
2. Fiscal forecasting and budgeting should provide a clear statement of the government’s budgetary objectives and policy intentions, together with comprehensive, timely, credible projections of public finances.
3. Fiscal risk analysis and management should ensure that risks to public finances are disclosed, analyzed, and managed, and that fiscal decision-making across the public sector is effectively coordinated.
4. Resource revenue management should provide a transparent framework for the ownership, contracting, taxation, and utilization of natural resources.
Volume 1 of the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Handbook covers the first three pillars. It provides practical guidance on implementation along with examples of practices around the world. Volume 2, covering natural resources, will be issued.
This page was last updated in February 2023