The IMF’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Virtual Handbook is a reference guide for policymakers and experts at central banks and ministries of finance. It also serves as the basis for the IMF’s engagement with country authorities and other stakeholders.

The CBDC Virtual Handbook aims to collect and share knowledge, lessons, empirical findings, and frameworks to address policymakers’ most frequently asked questions on CBDCs. As our body of knowledge and analysis grows, we will continue to add about five chapters every year aiming to provide about twenty chapters by 2026. Moreover, chapters will be periodically updated, reflecting evolving views.

Our first chapters are available below. The next wave of chapters will likely cover financial stability, comparison with other payment innovations, and end-user adoption among other topics. If you would like to propose CBDC-related policy questions on which you think the IMF should focus, please contact us at CBDC@imf.org.

Last Updated: November 2024