Bertrand Gruss is a Senior Economist in the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) where he works on the World Economic Outlook. Prior to that, he worked in the Fiscal Affairs, European, and the Western Hemisphere Departments of the IMF, and at the Central Bank of Uruguay. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the European University Institute. His research interests include macrofinancial linkages, monetary policy, commodity prices and the effects of sudden stops in capital flows.