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Republic of Niger
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

January 2002

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Contents

List of Acronyms and abbreviations
List of tables
List of boxes
List of figures
Methodological Note
Introduction

PART I: Diagnosis of Poverty in Niger

I. Characteristics of Poverty in Niger

    1.1. Definition and various perceptions of poverty

      1.1.1. Definition of poverty
      1.1.2. People's perception of poverty
      1.1.3. Knowledge of poverty in Niger

    1.2. The Poverty Profile

      1.2.1. Monetary poverty

        1.2.1.1. Sources of income
        1.2.1.2. Income
        1.2.1.3. Household consumption

      1.2.2. Poverty in living conditions

        1.2.2.1. Malnutrition
        1.2.2.2. Access to drinking water and sanitation
        1.2.2.3. The health situation
        1.2.2.4. Education
        1.2.2.5. Habitat

      1.2.3. Regional disparities

    1.3. Other Causes of Poverty

      1.3.1. People's Perceptions of the Causes of Poverty
      1.3.2. Vulnerability

        1.3.2.1. Rural development
        1.3.2.2. Food security
        1.3.2.3. Rapid population growth and demographic pressure

    1.4. Poverty by Gender

      1.4.1. Forms of discrimination against women
      1.4.2. Low income levels for women
      1.4.3. Girls' low education levels and women's illiteracy
      1.4.4. Women's poor health
      1.4.5. Greater vulnerability of women

II. Trends in Principal Aggregates Over the Past Ten Year

    2.1. Supply of Goods and Services

      2.1.1. Production
      2.1.2. Imports

    2.2. Demand for Goods and Services

      2.2.1. Consumption
      2.2.2. Investment
      2.2.3. Exports

    2.3. Public Finance

      2.3.1. Revenue
      2.3.2. Expenditures

    2.4. Balance of Payments 1990-2000
    2.5. Domestic and External Borrowing

      2.5.1. Domestic Debt
      2.5.2. External Debt

    2.6. Net Foreign Assets
    2.7. Credit
    2.8. Interest Rate
    2.9. Monetary indicators

PART II: Niger's Vision of Its Development

III. National Priorities and Poverty Reduction Objectives

    3.1. Objectives of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
    3.2. Priorities Expressed by the Population
    3.3. National Priorities Within the Framework of Poverty Alleviation

      3.3.1. Creation of a stable macro-economic framework as a prerequisite for sustainable growth

        3.3.1.1. The foundation of growth
        3.3.1.2. Objectives and policies

      3.3.2. Promotion of rural development objectives
      3.3.3. Development of the social sectors

        3.3.3.1. Education
        3.3.3.2. Health
        3.3.3.3. Water and sanitation

      3.3.4. Development of road transportation, mining, and energy
      3.3.5. Promotion of the private sector, tourism, and handicraft
      3.3.6. Urban development
      3.3.7. Promotion of good governance, the strengthening of human and institutional capacity and decentralization

        3.3.7.1. Political governance
        3.3.7.2. Economic governance
        3.3.7.3. Local governance and decentralization
        3.3.7.4. Strengthening human and institutional capacities

PART III: Strategic Policy Orientations and Priority Actions,
2000-04

IV. Strategies for Poverty Reduction to the Year 2015

    4.1. Strategy Principles

      4.1.1. Gender considerations
      4.1.2. Promoting good governance
      4.1.3. Redefining the role of stakeholders

        4.1.3.1. The State
        4.1.3.2. The population
        4.1.3.3. The civil society
        4.1.3.4. The private sector
        4.1.3.5. Development partners

    4.2. Comprehensive Poverty Reduction Strategy in Niger by the year 2015

      4.2.1. The PRS macroeconomic framework

        4.2.1.1. Baseline scenario
        4.2.1.2. Short and medium-term perspective in a slow growth scenario
        4.2.1.3. Fast growth scenario
        4.2.1.4. Financial sector and growth strategy

      4.2.2. Development of production sectors strategies

        4.2.2.1. The rural sector and food security
        4.2.2.2. Road transport, mines, and energy
        4.2.2.3. The private sector, tourism, and handicraft

      4.2.3. Securing the poor's access to basic social services

        4.2.3.1. Education
        4.2.3.2. Water and sanitation
        4.2.3.3. Health, HIV/AIDS, and the population
        4.2.3.4. Access to safe drinking water
        4.2.3.5. Urban development

      4.2.4. Promotion of good governance and strengthening human and institutional capacity and decentralization

        4.2.4.1. Political governance
        4.2.4.2. Economic governance
        4.2.4.3. Local governance and decentralization
        4.2.4.4. Transparency and combating corruption
        4.2.4.5. Building human and institutional capacities
        4.2.4.6. Information and communication technology development

    4.3. Risks to the Strategy

V. Priority Actions, 2002-04

    5.1. Priority actions Related to the Macroeconomic Framework

      5.1.1. Improving budget preparation and programming
      5.1.2. Streamlining budget execution
      5.1.3. Enhancing budget management
      5.1.5. Strengthening the management of human resources

    5.2. Priority Actions Related to the Productive Sectors

      5.2.1. Rural sector

        5.2.1.1. Agro-sylvo-pastoral development and food security
        5.2.1.2. Desertification control and management of natural resources
        5.2.1.3. Income generating activities development

      5.2.2. Road transports, mines, and energy sectors

    5.3. Priority Action in the Social Sectors

      5.3.1. Education
      5.3.2. Priority health and HIV/AIDS actions

        5.3.2.1. Health
        5.3.2.2. HIV/AIDS

      5.3.3. Priority actions in the area of access to safe water and sanitation

    5.4. Priority Action in Support of Improving Governance and Building Up Human and Institutional Resources

      5.4.1. Good governance
      5.4.2. Decentralization
      5.4.3. Building up human and institutional resources

    5.5. Reaching the HIPC Completion Point by End-2002

VI. Strategy Implementation and Monitoring/Evaluation Arrangements

    6.1. Context
    6.2. The Poverty Reduction Information System (SIRP)
    6.3. Main Types of Indicators

      6.3.1. Monetary poverty indicators
      6.3.2. Indicators of poverty in the standards of living
      6.3.3. Indicators of poverty of socioeconomic opportunities
      6.3.4. Intermediary poverty indicators or process indicators
      6.3.5. Gender indicators

    6.4. Institutional Arrangements Required by the SIRP

      6.4.1. The existing information system

        6.4.1.1. The periodic administrative surveys
        6.4.1.2. Light national surveys

      6.4.2. Strengthening the current system

        6.4.2.1. Statistical data requirements with respect to poverty reduction
        6.4.2.2. Implementing new institutional arrangements

    6.5. The Institutional Framework for the SRP Implementation
    6.6. SRP Implementation Instruments
      6.6.1. National and sector programs
      6.6.2. Budget framework

        6.6.2.1. Baseline
        6.6.2.2. High growth scenario
        6.6.2.3. Low growth scenario

    6.7. Periodic Updating of the SRP

Conclusion

Bibliography

List of acronyms and abbreviations

AEP

:Drinking Water Supply System

AfDB

:African Development Bank

AGHRYMET

:Regional Center for Agronomy, Hydrology, and Meteorology

AIDS

:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

APRM

:Accelerated Participatory Research Methods

BCG

:Bacillus Calmet-Guérin vaccine

CAFER

:Road Maintenance Financing Fund

CARE

:CARE (International-U.S. NGO)

CFAF

:African Financial Community Franc

CNCA

:National Agricultural Credit Bank (CNCA)

CUN

:Niamey Urban Community

DAEFP

:Directorate of Economic and Financial Analysis and Forecasting

DDS

:Departmental Directorate of Health

DEP

:Directorate of Research and Programming

DHSN

:Demographic and Health Survey of Niger

DIEPA

:International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade

DIGOH

:Directorate of Water Works Inventories and Management

DPP

:Directorate of Programs and Planning

DPT

:Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanos

DSCN

:Directorate of Statistics and National Accounts

ECAE

:Agricultural and Livestock Environment Survey

ECOWAS

:Economic Community of West African States

EDF

:European Development Fund

ENBC

:Budgetary Consumption National Survey

ENSI

:Informal Sector National Survey

EPCES

:Economic and Social Environment Permanent Survey

EU

:European Union

EVP

:Expanded Vaccination Program

FAO

:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GDP

:Gross domestic product

HDI

:Human Development Index

HIMO

:Highly Labor-intensive

HIPC

:Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

HIV

:Human immunodeficiency virus

HPI

:Human Poverty Index

ICRISAT

:International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

IEC

:Information-Education-Communication

IFAD

:International Fund for Agricultural Development

IMF

:International Monetary Fund

IPF

:Women's Participation Index

MD/SPPF/PE

:Ministry of Social Development, Population, Advancement of Women and Child Protection

MDA

:Ministry of Agricultural Development

MDR

:Ministry of Rural Development

ME/LCD

:Ministry of the Environment and Combating Desertification

MEN

:Ministry of National Education

MF/E

:Ministry of Finance and Economy

MFP/MA

:Ministry of the Civil Service and Government Modernization

MICSS

:Multiple Indicator Cluster Sample Survey

MP

:Ministry of Planning

MSP

:Ministry of Public Health

NGO

:Nongovernmental organization

NHDR

:National Human Development Report

OHADA

:Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

OPVN

:Niger Office for Food Products

PAC

:Community Action Program

PADEM

:African Program to Establish a Household Survey Mechanism

PCLCP

:Framework Program to Combat Poverty

PEM

:Modern Water Points

PM

:Prime Minister

PNCD

:National Program on Communication for Development

PNEDD

:National Environmental Plan for Sustainable Development

PNLCP

:National Poverty Reduction Program

POLIO

:Poliomyelitis

PRAP

:Regional Priority Action Programs

PRS

:Poverty Reduction Strategy

PRSP

:Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

PS/PRSP

:Permanent Secretariat of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

RINI

:Niger Rice

SAP/GC

:Early Warning System for Disaster Management

SIGNER

:Niger Geographic Information Systems

SNE

:National Water Company

SNIS

:National Health Information System

SOSA

:Operational Strategy for Food Security

SSP

:Primary Health Care

STD

:Sexually Transmitted Disease

UNCDF

:United Nations Capital Development Fund

UNDP

:United Nations Development Programme

UNFPA

:United Nations Population Fund

UNICEF

:United Nations Children's Fund

USAID

:United States Agency for International Development

WAEMU

:West African Economic and Monetary Union

WB

:World Bank

WSC

:World Summit for Children

Annexes
1. Poverty Maps
2. Macroeconomic Framework
3. Budget reform matrix
4. Quantitative targets for poverty reduction
5. Core set of indicators for the monitory of the PRS
6. Action plan of the poverty reduction strategy

List of Tables

1.

Sources of household monetary income

2.

Poverty indices and incidence by place of residence

3.

Distribution of monetary consumption expenditure by place of residence

4.

Rural water supply in Niger, August 31, 2000

5.

Gross enrollment trends by region

6.

Literacy rates by region and gender

7.

Sources of energy for cooking, by place of residence

8.

Gender-specific HDI by region, 1996-1999

9.

Income trends by gender for Niger's regions, 1997-1999

10.

Trends in GDP structure, 1990-2000

11.

Composition of imports

12.

Supply and use of resources at current market prices

13.

Savings and investment financing

14.

Composition of exports

15.

Principal fiscal balances

16.

Trends in budget resources

17.

Trends in government expenditure

18.

Structure of the balance of payments

19.

Debt stock

20.

Solvency and liquidity indicators

21.

Trends in credit to the economy as a percentage of GDP in the countries of the subregion

22.

Baseline allocations

23.

High case allocations

24.

Low case allocations


List of Boxes

1.

The participatory tradition in Niger

2.

Public debates on poverty

3.

The civil society in the development and poverty reduction process in Niger

4.

Public finance stabilization measures in 2000

5.

The special program of the President of the Republic

6.

Public debates on decentralization

7.

Linkage between the macroeconomic framework, the medium-term expenditure framework and the plan of actions


List of Figures

1.

Structure of urban household consumption

2.

Structure of rural household consumption

3.

Comparison of infant and child mortality indicators in the subregion

4.

Trends in vaccination coverage of children aged 12-23 months

5.

Regional disparities